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OA. Operations and Algebraic Thinking

    K.OA. Kindergarten - Operations and Algebraic Thinking

      K.OA.A. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.

        K.OA.A.1. Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawingsDrawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.

        K.OA.A.4. For any number from 1 to 9, find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record the answer with a drawing or equation.

        • No tasks yet illustrate this standard.

    1.OA. Grade 1 - Operations and Algebraic Thinking

      1.OA.B. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.

        1.OA.B.3. Apply properties of operations as strategies to add and subtract.Students need not use formal terms for these properties. Examples: If $8 + 3 = 11$ is known, then $3 + 8 = 11$ is also known. (Commutative property of addition.) To add $2 + 6 + 4$, the second two numbers can be added to make a ten, so $2 + 6 + 4 = 2 + 10 = 12$. (Associative property of addition.)

        1.OA.B.4. Understand subtraction as an unknown-addend problem. For example, subtract $10 - 8$ by finding the number that makes 10 when added to 8.

      1.OA.C. Add and subtract within 20.

        1.OA.C.6. Add and subtract within 20, demonstrating fluency for addition and subtraction within 10. Use strategies such as counting on; making ten (e.g., $8 + 6 = 8 + 2 + 4 = 10 + 4 = 14$); decomposing a number leading to a ten (e.g., $13 - 4 = 13 - 3 - 1 = 10 - 1 = 9$); using the relationship between addition and subtraction (e.g., knowing that $8 + 4 = 12$, one knows $12 - 8 = 4$); and creating equivalent but easier or known sums (e.g., adding $6 + 7$ by creating the known equivalent $6 + 6 + 1 = 12 + 1 = 13$).

    2.OA. Grade 2 - Operations and Algebraic Thinking

      2.OA.A. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.

        2.OA.A.1. Use addition and subtraction within 100 to solve one- and two-step word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.See Glossary, Table 1.

      2.OA.B. Add and subtract within 20.

      2.OA.C. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.

        2.OA.C.3. Determine whether a group of objects (up to 20) has an odd or even number of members, e.g., by pairing objects or counting them by 2s; write an equation to express an even number as a sum of two equal addends.

    3.OA. Grade 3 - Operations and Algebraic Thinking

      3.OA.A. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.

        3.OA.A.1. Interpret products of whole numbers, e.g., interpret $5 \times 7$ as the total number of objects in 5 groups of 7 objects each. For example, describe a context in which a total number of objects can be expressed as $5 \times 7$.

        • No tasks yet illustrate this standard.

        3.OA.A.2. Interpret whole-number quotients of whole numbers, e.g., interpret $56 \div 8$ as the number of objects in each share when 56 objects are partitioned equally into 8 shares, or as a number of shares when 56 objects are partitioned into equal shares of 8 objects each. For example, describe a context in which a number of shares or a number of groups can be expressed as $56 \div 8$.

        3.OA.A.4. Determine the unknown whole number in a multiplication or division equation relating three whole numbers. For example, determine the unknown number that makes the equation true in each of the equations $8 \times ? = 48$, $5 = \boxvoid \div 3$, $6 \times 6 = ?$

      3.OA.B. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.

        3.OA.B.5. Apply properties of operations as strategies to multiply and divide.Students need not use formal terms for these properties. Examples: If $6 \times 4 = 24$ is known, then $4 \times 6 = 24$ is also known. (Commutative property of multiplication.) $3 \times 5 \times 2$ can be found by $3 \times 5 = 15$, then $15 \times 2 = 30$, or by $5 \times 2 = 10$, then $3 \times 10 = 30$. (Associative property of multiplication.) Knowing that $8 \times 5 = 40$ and $8 \times 2 = 16$, one can find $8 \times 7$ as $8 \times (5 + 2) = (8 \times 5) + (8 \times 2) = 40 + 16 = 56$. (Distributive property.)

        3.OA.B.6. Understand division as an unknown-factor problem. For example, find $32 \div 8$ by finding the number that makes $32$ when multiplied by $8$.

        • No tasks yet illustrate this standard.

      3.OA.C. Multiply and divide within 100.

        3.OA.C.7. Fluently multiply and divide within 100, using strategies such as the relationship between multiplication and division (e.g., knowing that $8 \times 5 = 40$, one knows $40 \div 5 = 8$) or properties of operations. By the end of Grade 3, know from memory all products of two one-digit numbers.

      3.OA.D. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.

        3.OA.D.8. Solve two-step word problems using the four operations. Represent these problems using equations with a letter standing for the unknown quantity. Assess the reasonableness of answers using mental computation and estimation strategies including rounding.This standard is limited to problems posed with whole numbers and having whole-number answers; students should know how to perform operations in the conventional order when there are no parentheses to specify a particular order (Order of Operations).

    4.OA. Grade 4 - Operations and Algebraic Thinking

      4.OA.A. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.

        4.OA.A.1. Interpret a multiplication equation as a comparison, e.g., interpret $35 = 5 \times 7$ as a statement that 35 is 5 times as many as 7 and 7 times as many as 5. Represent verbal statements of multiplicative comparisons as multiplication equations.

        4.OA.A.2. Multiply or divide to solve word problems involving multiplicative comparison, e.g., by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem, distinguishing multiplicative comparison from additive comparison.See Glossary, Table 2.

        4.OA.A.3. Solve multistep word problems posed with whole numbers and having whole-number answers using the four operations, including problems in which remainders must be interpreted. Represent these problems using equations with a letter standing for the unknown quantity. Assess the reasonableness of answers using mental computation and estimation strategies including rounding.

      4.OA.B. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.

        4.OA.B.4. Find all factor pairs for a whole number in the range 1–100. Recognize that a whole number is a multiple of each of its factors. Determine whether a given whole number in the range 1–100 is a multiple of a given one-digit number. Determine whether a given whole number in the range 1–100 is prime or composite.

      4.OA.C. Generate and analyze patterns.

        4.OA.C.5. Generate a number or shape pattern that follows a given rule. Identify apparent features of the pattern that were not explicit in the rule itself. For example, given the rule “Add 3” and the starting number 1, generate terms in the resulting sequence and observe that the terms appear to alternate between odd and even numbers. Explain informally why the numbers will continue to alternate in this way.

    5.OA. Grade 5 - Operations and Algebraic Thinking

      5.OA.B. Analyze patterns and relationships.

        5.OA.B.3. Generate two numerical patterns using two given rules. Identify apparent relationships between corresponding terms. Form ordered pairs consisting of corresponding terms from the two patterns, and graph the ordered pairs on a coordinate plane. For example, given the rule “Add 3” and the starting number 0, and given the rule “Add 6” and the starting number 0, generate terms in the resulting sequences, and observe that the terms in one sequence are twice the corresponding terms in the other sequence. Explain informally why this is so.