OA. Operations and Algebraic Thinking
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K.OA. Kindergarten - Operations and Algebraic Thinking
K.OA.A. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
K.OA.A.1. Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawingsDrawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2. Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
K.OA.A.3. Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., $5 = 2 + 3$ and $5 = 4 + 1$).
K.OA.A.4. For any number from 1 to 9, find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record the answer with a drawing or equation.
K.OA.A.5. Fluently add and subtract within 5.
1.OA. Grade 1 - Operations and Algebraic Thinking
1.OA.A. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
1.OA.A.1. Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.See Glossary, Table 1.
1.OA.A.2. Solve word problems that call for addition of three whole numbers whose sum is less than or equal to 20, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
1.OA.B. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
1.OA.B.3. Apply properties of operations as strategies to add and subtract.Students need not use formal terms for these properties. Examples: If $8 + 3 = 11$ is known, then $3 + 8 = 11$ is also known. (Commutative property of addition.) To add $2 + 6 + 4$, the second two numbers can be added to make a ten, so $2 + 6 + 4 = 2 + 10 = 12$. (Associative property of addition.)
1.OA.B.4. Understand subtraction as an unknown-addend problem. For example, subtract $10 - 8$ by finding the number that makes 10 when added to 8.
1.OA.C. Add and subtract within 20.
1.OA.C.5. Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).
1.OA.C.6. Add and subtract within 20, demonstrating fluency for addition and subtraction within 10. Use strategies such as counting on; making ten (e.g., $8 + 6 = 8 + 2 + 4 = 10 + 4 = 14$); decomposing a number leading to a ten (e.g., $13 - 4 = 13 - 3 - 1 = 10 - 1 = 9$); using the relationship between addition and subtraction (e.g., knowing that $8 + 4 = 12$, one knows $12 - 8 = 4$); and creating equivalent but easier or known sums (e.g., adding $6 + 7$ by creating the known equivalent $6 + 6 + 1 = 12 + 1 = 13$).
1.OA.D. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
1.OA.D.7. Understand the meaning of the equal sign, and determine if equations involving addition and subtraction are true or false. For example, which of the following equations are true and which are false? $6 = 6$, $7 = 8 - 1$, $5 + 2 = 2 + 5$, $4 + 1 = 5 + 2$.
1.OA.D.8. Determine the unknown whole number in an addition or subtraction equation relating three whole numbers. For example, determine the unknown number that makes the equation true in each of the equations $8 + ? = 11$, $5 = \boxvoid - 3$, $6 + 6 = \boxvoid$.
2.OA. Grade 2 - Operations and Algebraic Thinking
2.OA.A. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
2.OA.A.1. Use addition and subtraction within 100 to solve one- and two-step word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.See Glossary, Table 1.
2.OA.B. Add and subtract within 20.
2.OA.B.2. Fluently add and subtract within 20 using mental strategies.See standard 1.OA.6 for a list of mental strategies. By end of Grade 2, know from memory all sums of two one-digit numbers.
2.OA.C. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
2.OA.C.3. Determine whether a group of objects (up to 20) has an odd or even number of members, e.g., by pairing objects or counting them by 2s; write an equation to express an even number as a sum of two equal addends.
2.OA.C.4. Use addition to find the total number of objects arranged in rectangular arrays with up to 5 rows and up to 5 columns; write an equation to express the total as a sum of equal addends.
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- No tasks yet illustrate this standard.
3.OA. Grade 3 - Operations and Algebraic Thinking
3.OA.A. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
3.OA.A.1. Interpret products of whole numbers, e.g., interpret $5 \times 7$ as the total number of objects in 5 groups of 7 objects each. For example, describe a context in which a total number of objects can be expressed as $5 \times 7$.
3.OA.A.2. Interpret whole-number quotients of whole numbers, e.g., interpret $56 \div 8$ as the number of objects in each share when 56 objects are partitioned equally into 8 shares, or as a number of shares when 56 objects are partitioned into equal shares of 8 objects each. For example, describe a context in which a number of shares or a number of groups can be expressed as $56 \div 8$.
3.OA.A.3. Use multiplication and division within 100 to solve word problems in situations involving equal groups, arrays, and measurement quantities, e.g., by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.See Glossary, Table 2.
3.OA.A.4. Determine the unknown whole number in a multiplication or division equation relating three whole numbers. For example, determine the unknown number that makes the equation true in each of the equations $8 \times ? = 48$, $5 = \boxvoid \div 3$, $6 \times 6 = ?$
3.OA.B. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
3.OA.B.5. Apply properties of operations as strategies to multiply and divide.Students need not use formal terms for these properties. Examples: If $6 \times 4 = 24$ is known, then $4 \times 6 = 24$ is also known. (Commutative property of multiplication.) $3 \times 5 \times 2$ can be found by $3 \times 5 = 15$, then $15 \times 2 = 30$, or by $5 \times 2 = 10$, then $3 \times 10 = 30$. (Associative property of multiplication.) Knowing that $8 \times 5 = 40$ and $8 \times 2 = 16$, one can find $8 \times 7$ as $8 \times (5 + 2) = (8 \times 5) + (8 \times 2) = 40 + 16 = 56$. (Distributive property.)
3.OA.B.6. Understand division as an unknown-factor problem. For example, find $32 \div 8$ by finding the number that makes $32$ when multiplied by $8$.
3.OA.C. Multiply and divide within 100.
3.OA.C.7. Fluently multiply and divide within 100, using strategies such as the relationship between multiplication and division (e.g., knowing that $8 \times 5 = 40$, one knows $40 \div 5 = 8$) or properties of operations. By the end of Grade 3, know from memory all products of two one-digit numbers.
3.OA.D. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
3.OA.D.8. Solve two-step word problems using the four operations. Represent these problems using equations with a letter standing for the unknown quantity. Assess the reasonableness of answers using mental computation and estimation strategies including rounding.This standard is limited to problems posed with whole numbers and having whole-number answers; students should know how to perform operations in the conventional order when there are no parentheses to specify a particular order (Order of Operations).
3.OA.D.9. Identify arithmetic patterns (including patterns in the addition table or multiplication table), and explain them using properties of operations. For example, observe that 4 times a number is always even, and explain why 4 times a number can be decomposed into two equal addends.
4.OA. Grade 4 - Operations and Algebraic Thinking
4.OA.A. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
4.OA.A.1. Interpret a multiplication equation as a comparison, e.g., interpret $35 = 5 \times 7$ as a statement that 35 is 5 times as many as 7 and 7 times as many as 5. Represent verbal statements of multiplicative comparisons as multiplication equations.
4.OA.A.2. Multiply or divide to solve word problems involving multiplicative comparison, e.g., by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem, distinguishing multiplicative comparison from additive comparison.See Glossary, Table 2.
4.OA.A.3. Solve multistep word problems posed with whole numbers and having whole-number answers using the four operations, including problems in which remainders must be interpreted. Represent these problems using equations with a letter standing for the unknown quantity. Assess the reasonableness of answers using mental computation and estimation strategies including rounding.
4.OA.B. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
4.OA.B.4. Find all factor pairs for a whole number in the range 1–100. Recognize that a whole number is a multiple of each of its factors. Determine whether a given whole number in the range 1–100 is a multiple of a given one-digit number. Determine whether a given whole number in the range 1–100 is prime or composite.
4.OA.C. Generate and analyze patterns.
4.OA.C.5. Generate a number or shape pattern that follows a given rule. Identify apparent features of the pattern that were not explicit in the rule itself. For example, given the rule “Add 3” and the starting number 1, generate terms in the resulting sequence and observe that the terms appear to alternate between odd and even numbers. Explain informally why the numbers will continue to alternate in this way.
- Picturing Factors in Different Orders
- Why Do We Need an Order of Operations?
- You Can Multiply Three Numbers in Any Order