HSN-VM.B.5

a Represent scalar multiplication graphically by scaling vectors and possibly reversing their direction; perform scalar multiplication component-wise, e.g., as $c(v_x, v_y) = (cv_x, cv_y)$.

b Compute the magnitude of a scalar multiple $c\textbf{v}$ using $||c\textbf{v}|| = |c|v$. Compute the direction of $c\textbf{v}$ knowing that when $|c|{v} \neq 0$, the direction of $c\textbf{v}$ is either along $\textbf{v}$ (for $c > 0$) or against $\textbf{v}$ (for $c < 0$).